Equipment for Back-country Cookery
There
are a variety of ways to heat water and cook food while in the New Zealand back-country. The most obvious is the use of an open fire. Unfortunately the negative environmental impact of fire has discredited this as a food preparation method.
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| Camp-fire cooking...as old as humankind. |
Instead
there are a myriad variety of stoves and heating methods specifically manufactured for outdoor use. I thought it might be useful to look at these various
types and explain what I use on trail and why.
So many types of outdoor cooker...
To start let us look at the types of cookers available. Note that the terms stove and cooker
are interchangeable, you call them stoves we call them cookers!
Iso-butane or gas cannister stoves
The
most commonly used stoves are those using iso-butane cannisters, these
are often refereed to as 'gas stoves'. A gas stove will consist of the
gas 'bottle' and a screw on cooker unit which you attach to it. If it is very cold the gas can freeze making the cooker useless. Please note that the older 'pierced' type of gas cannister is very difficult to find in New Zealand, we all use screw on cookers.
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| Kovea Titanium Stove |
There
are two main types of gas cooker, those that attach to the top of the
bottle and those that are free standing. Above is a Kovea Titanium cooker, this is typical of the top attaching varieties. As you can see it has
a perforated burner head, with a control mechanism on the side to
control the gas flow. There are fold out pot supports above the burner
head and a piezo spark actuator to light it with.
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| My top fitted Kovea gas cannister stove in use at Packhorse Hut, 2016 |
Below
is the MSR Whisperlite, this is one of the free standing variety of
outdoor cookers. These are much more stable as they usually have wider
legs/pot supports arms and have a lower centre of gravity. The downside
is the extra weight, these are normally 100-200 gms heavier than a top
fixing stove.
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| MSR Windpro free standing gas stove |
Here
is a different version of a cannister stove,
the Jetboil. A Jetboil is
an 'integrated cooking system' with stand, cook pot, burner and cannister
all in one. You use a Jetboil to heat water...you cannot really cook in these.
These stoves are good for Alpinists as they are fast, difficult to blow out and pack into
quite a small package. Stoves similar to this are also made by MSR, Primus and Kovea.
It is a pretty good system, I see lots of TA trekkers using them. Unfortunately, a Jetboil can be expensive and also heavy which is probably why
more people don't use them.
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| The Jetboil 'cooking system' |
Iso-butane gas cannisters are highly pressurised so the cannisters must be made of steel to contain
the pressure. This means the cannisters are heavy. An
empty
225ml cannister weighs 145gms so that is a lot of wasted weight you have to
lug around.
Disposing of empty cannisters is problematic. The empty cannisters cannot be recycled
unless they are punctured- they need a hole in them to allow any residual
gas to escape. If not completely empty they are liable to explode during the
recycling process.
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| Various sizes of iso-butane gas: 100gms, 225 gms and 550 gms |
Gas cannisters are expensive in New Zealand as most of them are imported. They currently cost around $10 NZ dollars for a small cannister, $15-20 for a medium and $15-25 for a large.
Pros:Easy
to use, fast heating ability, relatively cheap, moderate heat control,
widely available, many different models/makes, three sizes of cannister
available in New Zealand
Cons:Fuel
cannisters are heavy, quite expensive, disposal of empty cannisters is
problematic, top fixing versions are unstable, not good in high altitude
or cold conditions
Multi-fuel stoves
As
the name implies a multi-fuel stove can use a variety of different
fuels, these range from iso-butane cannisters, white spirits, kerosene
and even gasoline. Some will only use liquid fuels while
others are able to use both liquid and gas.
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| The MSR Whisperlite multi fuel stove, fuel bottle and gas cannister shown |
To use a multi fuel stove you
fill the fuel bottle with your fuel of choice. You then turn this into a
pressurised gas by pumping the pressure handle. The fuel is then lit
with a match, lighter or piezo spark actuator.
Multi-fuel
stoves are excellent for Alpine conditions as the fuel is not affected
by altitude or cold. Their ability to use a multitude of fuels also
makes them practical: gasoline is available everywhere in the world
while gas cannisters are sometimes difficult to locate.
These
stoves tend to be a lot heavier, 300-800 gms as opposed to a gas
cannister stove at 70-200 gms. They can also be a cast iron bitch to
light as it is sometimes hard to get the pressurisation right. The burner units are also prone to soot blockages. You must use good
quality fuel and regularly clean the cooker to ensure optimum
performance.
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| A MSR multi-fuel cooker service kit |
I have to say though, there is
nothing like the sound of a multi fuel stove blasting away on a cold
morning...to a lot of us older Kiwi trampers it is the sound of tramping
itself.
Can use many
different fuels, much hotter flame, better flame/heat control, work well
at altitude and in cold conditions, sound awesome when fired up
Cons:
Much heavier, more difficult to operate, fuel must be pre warmed and
pressurised before use, can be hard to light, more prone to stove
blockages
Methylated - Spirit stoves
Methylated or spirit stoves have been around for a long time but are
undergoing a resurgence of interest in recent times. These can be commercially
produced or home-made and consist of a burner unit with a series of
holes in the top and sides. Once lit the flame will come out of these
holes providing the cooking heat
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| A Trangia brand alcohol/meth's stove in action... |
As
you can see in the photo below they are quite effective looking but have a
number of limitations. The heat put out by methylated spirits is low, so
cooking times are much longer. Once lit the flame cannot really be
controlled so these are not ideal for simmering meals. They are also
easily extinguished by wind- you need a wind shield if using a
spirit cooker outside.
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| Home-made meths stoves made from aluminium cans |
These stoves will use both methylated spirits and de natured alcohol, which is the
American name for a similar product. "Meth's" comes in 1 litre bottles in
New Zealand and cost from $6-$10 NZ dollars. Methylated spirits can be found in most
service stations, hardware stores and supermarkets.
De natured alcohol is usually only found in the larger outdoor equipment shops. It costs approximately $10-$20 NZ Dollars per 1 litre bottle.
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| Methylated Spirits aka Denatured Alcohol |
Pros: Fuel is cheap and widely available, stoves tend to be quite light, stoves cheap if homemade
Cons: Not
totally safe for use in huts, easily extinguished by the wind, often need a
wind shield and stand for use, care needed when refilling, fuel only
comes in 1 litre bottles so there is potential wastage if you want less than this.
Solid fuel tablets- Esbit Stoves
Solid fuel stoves have been a mainstay of military forces worldwide for most of the 20th century. There are many firms producing both stoves and fuel including Sea and Summit, Coleman, MSR, Coghlans and cheap 'no brand' versions from China.
The most reknown brand of solid fuel stoves are made by the
German company Esbit, so in Europe these cookers are called 'Esbit stoves'.
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| Classic Esbit stove from Germany |
The
solid fuel tablets for an Esbit type stove are made of a compound
called hexamide. Hexamide is highly inflammable and relatively easy to
light. It is basically a solid form of hydro carbon covered in wax to
stop it evaporating. One if its downsides are the fumes it exudes: these
are both poisonous and foul smelling.
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| Classic Esbit fuel cubes |
The
beauty of solid fuel is that you need no stove...when I was in the
military we just used a couple of rocks or sticks to prop our mess tins
above the burning fuel cubes. My god... the smell of a 'hexie' tablet
cooking some 'Spaghetti and Sausages' 'Corned Beef Hash' or 'Meat and
Vegetables' is something I still remember with fondness...
An
Esbit stove is bullet proof: it has no moving parts, requires no
servicing and can be stored forever. That's why the military loved them.
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| An Esbit stove doing its thing... |
Pros:No parts to break, can be
stored till the end of time, need no cooker, slow steady heat,
relatively light, can be lit when wet, fuel makes excellent fire starter
so dual purpose, cheap (a stove and fuel is usually less that $10 NZ
dollars.
Cons:
Low heat output, noxious fumes, cannot be used indoors, not readily
available except in outdoor stores, easily extinguished by wind, best used for heating water.
Portable wood stoves
One
of the newer forms of stove are those that use wood as their fuel...much
as our ancestors have done for the last 40 000 years. These are
commonly aluminium or titanium and burn paper, sticks, leaves and small wood chips.
There are many commercial versions but these can also be made by the outdoor hobbyist at home.
These are most often used by survivalists, long trail hikers and in areas where other stove types are banned. I see very few people using them in New Zealand- it is wet here so no dry wood and there are often fire bans in place over summer.
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| Typical lightweight wood stove in action |
Pros: No need to carry fuel, relatively
lightweight, inexpensive if home-made, can be used in most outdoor
situations, fold down versions take up little space
, environmental impact slight
Cons: They
require dry wood, can get very sooty on the outside, fire risk- cannot
be used if there is a fire ban, cannot be used in huts, bulky unless
fold down design, commercial versions are expensive
Flameless ration heaters or FRH's
Flameless Ration Heaters or FRH's are a by-product of military style Meals Ready To Eat (MRE's).
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| US military FRH from a Meals Ready to Eat (MRE) |
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| Flameless Ration Heater: the chemical heater pad in a FRH |
An
MRE (...semi jokingly called Meals Rarely Eaten...) is a thermo stabilised retort
pouch of food. The complete meal also includes various drinks, snacks and side
dishes. They are a one meal item i.e. you would need to eat three a day.
The FRH they contain uses a thermo-chemical reaction to warm the main
meals and any hot drinks. Most of the military forces of the world are
now using these.
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| A US military MRE: Beef Pasta with Tomato Sauce |
FRH's
were specific to military circles until about 10 years ago when a
number of outdoor companies started to produce them for hikers and
campers. Backcountry Cuisine are the only indigenous manufacturer of
FRH's, they are $15 each in New Zealand.
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| A Back Country Cuisine Flameless Ration Heater |
The New Zealand commercial food ranges these can be used with are Kaweka Meals (also used by the NZ Defence Forces) and the MTR range of Indian meals. Freeze dried meals can also be heated if the contents are rehydrated with cold water first.
Pros: Very lightweight (less than 20 gms each), simple to use, you require no stove/fuel/pot if not heating water for hot drinks, can be used in tents with adequate ventilation, not effected by weather (rain, wind, cold)
Cons: Horrible
environmental impact, very slow heating, expensive, limited uses- only
good with thermo stabilised retort pouches, hard to source in New
Zealand, need salt and a cup of water to work
No heat-no cook tramping
One
way to deal with cooking while trekking the Te Araroa is to simply go without. I have
meet a number of people practising no cook (or stoveless) tramping.
Instead of your traditional hot meal they eat foods that
require no cooking.
These might include cereals, dried meats/cheeses, jerky,
bread, tortillas, crackers, spreads, power bars, nuts/dried fruit or it could be dehydrated meals
reconstituted with cold water.
Basically the sort of stuff you usually eat for lunch!
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| Some no-cook menu items: cereals, scroggin, energy bars, tuna, salami, drink powders, dried fruit etc. |
I've
tried this on an over night tramp and it is not for me, I like a hot
drink in the morning and soup and a hot meal at night. In extremis I
would go stove-less but not out of choice. That's just my personal
opinion by the way...you do what works for you!
I meet a guy at Anne Hut a
couple of years ago who had scroggin (trail mix), tea bags and 24 peanut butter
sandwiches for food. His menu was scroggin for breakfast and two sandwiches for lunch/dinner. Hey...it
would keep you going, but....
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| Do you fancy this at every meal for four days.... |
Pros: Lightweight (no stove/pot/fuel/cutlery), cheaper option as not buying fuel, easy to sustain yourself for short periods this way, relatively wide menu choices available even in New Zealand
Cons: 24
peanut butter sandwiches......who wants to eat that for 6 days in a
row! Will not sustain you properly for more than a couple of weeks,
could be unsafe if tramping in adverse weather conditions (...hot drinks
save hypothermic trampers...this is an olde tramping truism...), packaging...there would be a lot of it!
My main tramping stove
I am a big fan of canister stoves and I’m not alone – the overwhelming majority of trampers I come across use them. For price point, ease of use and efficiency they are hard to bet. Therefore my primary cook stove for the TA is a gas fed Fire Maple titanium stove.
In early 2018 I brought myself a lighter titanium stove, it is a Chinese brand called Fire Maple, the code for it is the
FMS-116T. It has survived a multitude of outings now and I am impressed...it works really well. It only weighs 48gms (76 gms in the supplied carry case). It is super efficient and has a wide burner head and cost me $50 from the online retailer
Gearshop.
This is my main stove now.
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| My new Firemaple FMS-116Ti stove |
Why
gas I hear you say....?
I just find it more convenient to use a cannister stove. You
can have it out and going in less than 1 minute. A good breakfast is a
fast breakfast if you know what I mean! Any other type of cooker
involves too much buggering around to get it operational.
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| Fixing dinner with my Kovea stove at Mid Robinson Hut, 2015 |
If you are going to be using a cannister stove you need a CrunchIt. A
Crunchit
is basically a big can opener which allows you to puncture cannisters
to vent residual gas. A CrunchIt weighs a mere 45gms and is available on-line and at many outdoor stores. Once punctured the canister can be recycled with other metal.
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| The Jetboil Crunchit recycling tool |
I
carry two Esbit cubes with me as an emergency backup on every trip. As I
said earlier these can be used without a stove and because they only
weigh 5 gms each are a useful survival tool.
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| My Esbit cubes: firestarter and emergency cook tool |
I have an Esbit methylated
spirits cooker which I will be using on the longer Te
Araroa Trail sections. The
fuel is cheaper and more readily available in out of the way places, making it ideal for that kind of tramping.
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| My Esbit cooker looks like this... |
Let us now have a look at some other outdoor stoves I own...
A gallery of other stoves I own...
I bought a new outdoor stove a couple of months ago (March 2023) ...it is the Soto Windmaster. I have read some good things about this stove and felt the need for some retail therapy so...! It weighs about 100 gm's with the supplied canvas bag and is super efficient on gas...I can boil 1 liter of water in less than 3 minutes. It also has an integrated piezo ignitor which my other stoves do not.
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| Soto Windmaster fixed to a medium sized gas cannister |
BTW: this is my tenth outdoor stove...I think I might have a problem!
My oldest stove is a Kovea Backpacker gas cannister stove. I purchased this back when I was in the New Zealand Army. Most of us had started using canister stoves rather than solid fuel tablets to cook and heat water. I have been using this light weight stove since 1992 and it is still going strong.
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| The Kovea Backpacker stove |
The cooker weighs 110 gm's which is a bit heavy but I really like it. I usually couple this stove with a medium size MSR cannister. This combination allows me to boil water for both breakfast and dinner for 5-6 days on one cannister. The stove cools fast and has a larger diameter burner head which I find advantageous when cooking.
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| My Kovea Backpacker stove in use at Nina Hut in 2016 |
I
inherited a Kovea Hiker stove from one of my brothers who moved to the
US, it is an older design but still works well. She is a bit hefty for long trail trekking but folds up small into a nifty hard plastic container.
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| Kovea Hiker stove, mine does not have a piezo |
I
also have an Outer Limits Huntsman stove, which I brought when I got
back into tramping in 2010. For a free standing cooker it is light at only 150gms. I really like this stove but I just have a
sentimental attachment to my Kovea Backpacker so this one doesn't get
used very often.
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| An Outer Limits Huntsman free standing stove |
I hope that gives you some ideas to consider when considering what stove to use on the TA.
